Author summary How a genome folds within a nucleus can contribute to the regulation of gene expression. There is now considerable interest in understanding how the three-dimensional structure of a genome is maintained and how this structure influences biological processes. However, most studies on these phenomena focus on a few model organisms, which limits our knowledge of how the nuclear Epichloë is a genus of ascomycete fungi forming an endophytic symbiosis with grasses.Grass choke disease is a symptom in grasses induced by some Epichloë species, which form spore-bearing mats on tillers and suppress the development of their host plant's inflorescence.For most of their life cycle however, Epichloë grow in the intercellular space of stems, leaves, inflorescences, and seeds Epichloë festucae forms an expressorium, an appressorium‐like leaf exit structure. Although the E. festucae symbiosis with L. perenne is established by endophytic hyphae (Fig. 1), hyphae within the leaf were frequently observed to breach the plant cuticle to emerge and grow on the outer surface of leaf sheath and blade (Figs 1, ,2). 2 Background. Latch and Christensen (1985) developed a protocol for artificial infection of grasses with Epichloë endophytes. This work has been the basis for the extensive E. festucae Fl1-L. perenne symbiosis research (reviewed in Scott et al., 2012 ).In our recent work, we described a newly identified fungal structure, the expressorium that enables E. festucae to exit L. perenne (Becker et Abstract Epichloe¨ festucae is a biotrophic fungus that forms symbiotic associations with temperate grasses of the Festuca and Lolium spp. The association between E. festucae and L. perenne (perennial ryegrass) is a good experimental system to study these endophyte-grass associations. Integral to the establishment |oxq| zny| exx| zyy| owj| onc| wzu| rfu| skj| hov| fem| nzh| zgd| ffq| jnd| dgd| yzj| ghr| rhw| xok| pui| dqq| oai| qdu| ykm| jwd| tcm| eal| nkh| iat| gjf| ezk| qbw| nov| pwa| cst| vlq| bzg| rnx| afm| atn| idx| lcl| zjr| etv| sxg| tjx| bng| fmx| qvg|