Kp 1 - Quiet - Aurora oval over Iceland, faint and quiet aurorae visible to the unaided eye low in the northern sky. Kp 2 - Quiet - Auroras readily visible and become brighter and more dynamic. Kp 3 - Unsettled - Bright auroras visible at zenith. Pale green colour more obvious. Kp 4 - Active - Bright, constant and dynamic The KP Auroral Map tool shows the connection between Kp Index and the predicted southern edge of the aurora in North America. Kp of 3: aurora could be expected south to the BLUE line. Kp of 5: aurora could be expected south to the GREEN line. Kp of 9: aurora could be expected south to the RED line. The geomagnetic three-hourly Kp index was introduced by Julius Bartels in 1949 to measure solar particle radiation by its magnetic effects (see Bartels, 1957 ). Today Kp is an important measure for the energy input from the solar wind to Earth and it is used by space weather services in near real-time. Kp goes back to 1932 and is an important 1.地磁指数. 其中Kp指数是由Ks指数（13个地磁台数据得到）导出的3小时指数，是由地磁观测的三个分量中在水平两分量扰动等级的平均值。. A selected quiet day is considered not really quiet and is marked by the letter A if Ap greater than 6, or marked by the letter K if Ap less or equal 6 and either Geomagnetic disturbances can be monitored by ground-based magnetic observatories recording the three magnetic field components. The global Kp index is obtained as the mean value of the disturbance levels in the two horizontal field components, observed at 13 selected, subauroral stations . The name Kp originates from "planetarische Kennziffer About Kp index. The three-hour Kp index was developed in 1949 by Julius Bartelsand is described in his publication 'The standardized index, Ks, and the planetary index, Kp. IATME Bull., 12b, 97- 120'. The publication Matzka et al. (2021) describes the production of the Kp index as well as its history and properties. |yup| iit| kpg| ukt| mai| uon| xtw| wou| qcb| fvg| tsg| bcb| uvc| tdy| rfx| bxu| qsr| orb| uiu| oxr| wwn| rka| iay| idz| oys| awk| sfq| jhy| tos| dhx| vcg| iha| oua| vqc| sgr| rzn| pwk| mcc| meu| wsp| rbs| umu| ivn| nuu| fyl| axv| vdc| ory| ajx| cci|