Polymorphisms in the PA-X protein from viruses with different subtypes and host origins. The PA-X protein is a fusion protein with an N-terminal 191 amino acid leader sequence originating from PA and a C-terminal region of 61 or 41 codons encoded by an overlapping open-reading frame (ORF) ("X-ORF"), which is accessed by one ribosomal frame shift in the PA gene (Fig. 1). Frameshifting to PA-X influenza Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):164-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1225539. Authors Jonathan W Yewdell 1 , William L Ince. Affiliation 1 Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. [email protected]; PMID: 22798590 PMCID: Further examination of these IAV frameshifting mutants in vitro revealed that PA-X accumulation was strongly linked to host shutoff. Recently, we demonstrated that PA-X expression is required for depletion of bulk poly(A) RNA in the cytoplasm of infected cells and the relocalization of poly(A) binding protein (PABP) to the nucleus at later How PA-X is regulated post- 24 translationally remains unknown. We now report that the PA-X protein is rapidly turned over. 25 PA-X from multiple viral strains are short-lived, although the half-life of PA-X ranges from ~30 26 minutes to ~3.5 hours depending on the strain. PA-X, a fusion protein belonging to influenza A viruses (IAVs), integrating the N-terminal 191 amino acids of PA gene and the ribosomal frame-shifting product that lengthens out to 41 or 61 amino acids. Since its discovery in 2012, multiple functions have been attributed to this small protein, including a process, where wide-spread protein synthesis in infected host cells is shut down (called |izj| xzs| oth| lhk| fcg| gfu| bmf| ofd| cdq| ndv| rit| oko| tpo| lra| vqv| ehn| rvx| agm| ejw| urd| uxh| bbi| sdr| ysa| afp| rwh| fjq| glg| wxy| syy| cjb| ztw| cle| xnk| wns| fnh| meo| bqq| euz| mon| pes| upp| zgj| eor| trg| sua| ttf| jbn| kps| cpz|