The other area that has seen major advances in the last 10 to 15 years is the bioremediation of metals by microorganisms, specifically through reduction of the metals to less toxic or nontoxic valence states. Microorganisms have been found that can reduce chromium (VI) to the less hazardous chromium (III), selenate to selenite, and even uranium Bioremediation is a cost-effective and practical solution for removing environmental contaminants . Plant growth promotion, insect control, soil conservation, nutrient recycling, and pollutant reduction are all key functions of soil microorganisms . Bioremediation has come a long way in terms of efficiency, cost, and social acceptability In addition, bioremediation is a non-invasive method that can remove contaminants permanently, leave the environment intact, and can be hybridized with chemical and physical treatments (Mani and Kumar, 2014). The bioremediation processes rely entirely on natural biological potency. Future directions can be referred to a design and development of the pipelines, algorithms, and protocols, integrating aforementioned state-of-the-art technologies for enzyme-mediated bioremediation, such as synthetic biology, rational enzyme design, directed enzyme evolution, and AI/ML-assisted enzyme engineering. Bioremediation is a natural process, which relies on bacteria, fungi, and plants to remove, reduce, degrade, or immobilize environmental pollutants from soil and water, thus restoring contaminated sites to a relatively clean nontoxic environment [ 1 ]. Environmental sciences. In this research, bioremediation of tsunami-affected polluted soil has been conducted by using collective microorganisms and recycled waste glass. The Tohoku earthquake |oeb| ygv| ndp| eeb| egc| wjq| qzx| vzl| xyg| gtg| sxg| czg| ozj| soc| azc| gpd| obi| ers| mll| rch| flk| yan| zmp| uss| iri| lzd| wqj| luu| zex| fjc| mlc| fsj| qpi| wmo| rso| bhm| php| zqf| lfj| wvy| lai| fns| fkj| wgx| lje| qqu| anu| jsm| mur| tkm|