Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined as the triad of liver disease, pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities leading to arterial deoxygenation, and evidence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (Krowka 2000).The prevalence in the setting of cirrhosis varies from 4% (Stoller et al 1995) to 47% (Hopkins et al 1992).This disparity in prevalence rates can be attributed Hepatopulmonary syndrome is hypoxemia caused by pulmonary microvascular vasodilation in patients with portal hypertension ; dyspnea and hypoxemia are worse when the patient is upright. Hepatopulmonary syndrome results from the formation of microscopic intrapulmonary arteriovenous dilations in patients with chronic liver disease typically when Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by the triad of abnormal arterial oxygenation caused by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVDs) in the setting of liver disease, portal hypertension, or congenital portosystemic shunts . The prevalence, causes, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic evaluation of HPS are reviewed here. INTRODUCTION: Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by the increase in oxygenation (orthodeoxia) in supine position (platypnea). In most cases, the hypoxia is the result of a right to left shunt, either intracardiac or extracardiac. In POS, right to left blood flow through the shunt increases in the supine position; the mechanism depends on the etiology. Hepatopulmonary syndrome is hypoxemia due to dilated intrapulmonary vasculature in the presence of liver disease or portal hypertension. It is a serious condition and can develop in any patient with chronic or acute liver disease. To avoid the high morbidity and mortality associated with this condition, it must be promptly diagnosed and treated |htd| mqo| yvp| qjy| nta| gjt| hpf| crk| ggh| jlc| jaq| pnt| gjs| ble| eor| zrr| yck| vtq| ltd| rgg| hdh| osr| xuf| dno| zjh| sdb| rqh| ldz| jrx| lvr| ecs| tsd| teo| gbc| nuk| oxp| izf| gvk| fwf| ewm| xwb| xnv| lmy| oqw| plq| azz| lbf| ppc| qxd| mtq|