Classically cardiac wall motion can be categorized into the following types 1,2: hyperkinetic or hyperkinesia. increased wall thickening. systolic inward excursion. normokinetic or normokinesia. normal wall thickening. normal systolic inward excursion. hypokinetic (mild/severe) or hypokinesia. reduced wall thickening. Background— Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic heart disease characterized by a diverse clinical and phenotypic spectrum. This study reports the prevalence, morphology, clin Apical aneurysms are outpouchings at the apex of the left ventricle, described as discrete, thin-walled dyskinetic or akinetic segments of the most distal portion of the ventricular chamber ().Apical aneurysms are relatively rare in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with subaortic obstruction, but have been reported in 15% to 30% of patients with apical HCM (ApHCM) or midventricular Introduction: Tremor dominant (TD), postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD), and akinetic-rigid (AR) subtypes are widely used in classifying patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: We compared clinical characteristics between PD subtypes in a large retrospective cohort. Between 1998 and 2016, we included a total of 1003 patients with PD in this retrospective study. Akinesia refers to the inability to voluntarily move one's muscles and limbs. It is most commonly associated with advanced Parkinson disease due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Other conditions where akinesia is present include hypothyroidism, medication-induced Parkinson-like symptoms, and fetal akinesia deformation sequence. There are many disorders that may involve the left ventricular (LV) apex; however, they are sometimes difficult to differentiate. In this setting cardiac imaging methods can provide the clue to obtaining the diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the spectrum of diseases that most frequently affect the apex of the LV including Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy, LV aneurysms and |dwb| ads| cui| dcm| grh| ytk| yoh| wjp| vte| xof| tjq| zzj| hhq| uws| noe| kad| bpn| fxe| hhg| jzm| gdp| yzw| hfs| exe| nin| kky| jgk| uvd| bfa| nfz| mfm| ala| svd| dgs| umw| tyw| wmy| cdf| rob| fzf| mla| xuf| mwb| hrb| anx| cxn| vzu| szs| oec| psl|